Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) - Reunion (2002)

Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) z Reunion (2002)

	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)	Reunion (2002)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons
Age structure	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%	0-14 years: 31.7% (male 120,864; female 115,251) 15-64 years: 62.5% (male 228,864; female 235,991) 65 years and over: 5.8% (male 17,459; female 25,552) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products	sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn
Airports	5 (2002)	2 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2002)	-
Area	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands	total: 2,517 sq km land: 2,507 sq km water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Connecticut	slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.	The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population	20.7 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)	revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital	Stanley	Saint-Denis
Climate	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate	tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April
Coastline	1,288 km	207 km
Constitution	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	conventional long form: Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion former: Bourbon Island
Currency	Falkland pound (FKP)	euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population	5.51 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$NA
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina	overseas department of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas department of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas department of France)
Disputes - international	claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force	none
Economic aid - recipient	none	$NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France
Economy - overview	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.	The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to more than 40% of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.
Electricity - consumption	15.19 million kWh (2001)	1.014 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	16.33 million kWh (2001)	1.09 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	fossil fuel: 55% hydro: 45% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m
Environment - current issues	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster	NA
Ethnic groups	British	French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
Exchange rates	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.67 (2002), 0.69 (2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound	euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Gonthier FRIEDERICI (since NA) head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils
Exports	NA (2001)	$214 million f.o.b. (1997)
Exports - commodities	wool, hides, meat	sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)
Exports - partners	Spain 76.2%, UK 9.2%, US 7.1% (2002)	France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (1994)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	calendar year
Flag description	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT	the flag of France is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $4,800 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	3.8% (1998 est.)
Geographic coordinates	51 45 S, 59 00 W	21 06 S, 55 36 E
Geography - note	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season	this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean
Highways	total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)	total: 2,724 km paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road) unpaved: 1,424 km note: 370 km of road are maintained by national authorities, 754 km by departmental authorities and 1,600 km by local authorities (1994)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA (2001)	$2.5 billion c.i.f. (1997)
Imports - commodities	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing	manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
Imports - partners	UK 57.9%, Spain 19.8%, Italy 16.7% (2002)	France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (1994)
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas department of France)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	fish and wool processing; tourism	sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction
Infant mortality rate	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%	8.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.6% (1998)	NA%
International organization participation	ICFTU	FZ, InOC, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	120 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction	Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Labor force	1,100 (est.)	261,000 (1995) (1995)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)	agriculture 8%, industry 19%, services 73% (1990) (1990)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)	arable land: 13.2% permanent crops: 2% other: 84.8% (1998 est.)
Languages	English	French (official), Creole widely used
Legal system	English common law	French law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout	unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6, other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 19, UDF 9, RPR 8, various right-wing candidates 4, various left-wing candidates 5 note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1, UMP 1, PCR 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years	total population: 73.18 years male: 69.78 years female: 76.74 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 76% female: 80% (1982 est.)
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina	Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references	South America	World
Maritime claims	continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT ships by type: chemical tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: France 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force	no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$NA	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA%	-
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 194,485 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 99,251 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 6,243 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island	noun: Reunionese (singular and plural) adjective: Reunionese
Natural hazards	strong winds persist throughout the year	periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Natural resources	fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss	fish, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none; all independents	Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	NA
Population	2,967 (July 2003 est.)	743,981 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	2.44% (2003 est.)	1.52% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Stanley note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988	Le Port, Pointe des Galets
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001)
Radios	-	173,000 (1997)
Railways	0 km	0 km
Religions	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist	Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries	general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis domestic: modern open wire and microwave radio relay network international: radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	268,500 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	197,000 (September 2000)
Television broadcast stations	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)	35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001)
Terrain	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains	mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman	2.55 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	full employment; labor shortage	42.8% (1998) (1998)
Waterways	none	none

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